Highlight
- Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) derived from peritoneal fluid (PF) contain distinct proteins differentially expressed in women with and without endometriosis.
- Four proteins—ALDOA, HSP90AA1, COL15A1, and S100-A10—show significant differences, suggesting their potential as disease-specific biomarkers.
- Protein alterations in sEVs are consistent regardless of menstrual cycle phase or severity of endometriosis, supporting their utility as stable markers.
- Larger studies and functional analyses are needed to validate these findings and explore sEV roles in endometriosis pathophysiology and non-invasive diagnostics.
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