Highlight
• CD4+ T cells and natural killer (NK) cells are critical mediators of immune surveillance in ALK-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL).
• Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) monotherapy can induce durable remissions in a murine ALCL model, with approximately 50% complete response rate.
• PD-L1 blockade reverses regulatory T cell-mediated immunosuppression, enhancing effector CD8+ T cell responses and prolonging survival.
• Dysfunctional, exhausted CD4+ T cells with a T helper 22-like signature contribute to immune evasion in nonresponsive cases.
Study Background
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For clinical reference; use professional judgment.
