Background
Cirrhotic portal hypertension (CPH) is a severe complication of liver cirrhosis characterized by increased portal vein pressure leading to significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. While clinical management of CPH traditionally focuses on hemodynamic and liver function parameters, emerging evidence implicates gut microbiota— the complex community of microorganisms residing in the gastrointestinal tract — as a critical contributor to liver disease progression. Alterations in gut microbiota composition and function, commonly described as dysbiosis, have been associated with systemic inflammation, endotoxemia, and immune dysregulation in chronic liver diseases. However, the specific role of gut microbiota in the pathophysiology and progression of CPH remains insufficiently understood.
