Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) prevalence in Sweden rose significantly from 1.5% to 6.6% between 2015 and 2023, disproportionately affecting socially disadvantaged women.
Women with lower educational attainment and foreign-born status experienced higher relative risks of both GDM and related pregnancy complications.
Income disparities influenced GDM prevalence but did not significantly modify complication risk associated with GDM.
Variation in GDM-associated complication risks by region of birth and education highlights the importance of social determinants in prenatal care and risk stratification.
