Secondary Autoimmune and Inflammatory Diseases Post-Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: Incidence, Risk Factors, and Clinical Outcomes from the EBMT Registry

Highlight

• Secondary autoimmune and inflammatory diseases (SAIDs) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) are rare, with a 5-year incidence of 0.9% but clinically impactful.
• Bone marrow failure, female donor to male recipient sex mismatch, and chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGvHD) significantly increase SAID risk post-transplantation.
• Median onset occurs approximately 14.5 months post-allo-HSCT, with favorable overall survival rates noted at 2 and 5 years after SAID diagnosis.
• Findings underscore the need for enhanced recognition, standardized diagnostic criteria, and tailored management strategies for SAIDs in allo-HSCT survivors.

Study Background