Highlight
– Oral and gut microbiome virulence factors are linked to cognitive impairment progression in Parkinson’s disease (PD).
– Oral-gut translocation increases pathogenicity and disrupts host immunity and brain endothelial function.
– Integration of shotgun metagenomics and saliva metaproteomics reveals microbial functional dysregulation in PD mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI) and dementia (PDD).
– Findings support the oral-gut-brain axis as a promising target for biomarkers and therapeutic intervention in neurodegeneration.
