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This large retrospective cohort study including 342,760 UK adults demonstrated a significantly increased risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) within two years following documented traumatic brain injury (TBI), with no sustained risk beyond this period. The findings suggest that TBI may often be a consequence of early, subclinical ALS symptoms rather than a direct cause, indicating reverse causality in the TBI-ALS relationship.
This study leverages robust population-level electronic health records with matched comparators, providing comprehensive longitudinal follow-up and precise risk quantification using adjusted Cox proportional hazards models.
