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This multicenter retrospective study involving 591 live-born patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) identified significant survival differences across anatomic subtypes. Patients with mitral stenosis and aortic atresia (MS/AA) complicated by ventriculocoronary connections (VCCs) had the lowest transplant-free survival (TFS). Prenatal diagnosis of VCCs through fetal echocardiography correlated with poorer outcomes, underscoring the value of early risk stratification. Surgical palliation strategy did not alter survival in the MS/AA with VCCs subgroup.
Study Background
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