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Internal medicine clinicians’ ability to conduct goals-of-care (GOC) discussions develops progressively across training levels, evolving from simplistic to nuanced approaches. Novices often conflate GOC with code status, whereas experienced physicians display flexible, patient-centered communication and leadership in shared decision-making. Participants emphasize the need for structured, longitudinal curricula tailored to learning stages to improve competence and confidence in GOC conversations.
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For clinical reference; use professional judgment.
