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This prospective cohort study found that immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors (VEGFIs), and their combination do not increase arterial inflammation detectable by (18F)fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography computed tomography (18F-FDG-PET/CT) over 24 weeks. Alterations in specific T-cell subsets were observed with ICI therapy, attenuated by combined VEGFI treatment. Systemic inflammatory biomarkers showed minimal changes except for increased adhesion molecules with ICIs, suggesting endothelial activation rather than macrophage-driven plaque inflammation as potential contributors to cardiovascular risk.
