The Stockholm3 (S3) test demonstrates superior longitudinal predictive value over 9 years compared to PSA, identifying aggressive cancers even in men with low PSA levels (<3 ng/ml).
In repeat screening settings, S3 (at a threshold of ≥0.15) can reduce the need for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) by 41% without compromising the detection of high-risk (Gleason ≥4+3) cancers.
The SEPTA trial confirms S3’s performance across diverse ethnic populations (Black, Asian, Hispanic), maintaining sensitivity while offering nearly three times the specificity of PSA.
Clinical implementation of S3 facilitates a shift toward precision screening, significantly mitigating the public health burden of overdiagnosis and unnecessary biopsies.
