Evolution Toward Minimally Invasive Brachial Plexus Surgery
The management of the infraclavicular brachial plexus has traditionally been one of the most challenging domains in peripheral nerve surgery. Situated deep within the axilla and shoulder girdle, this region is anatomically complex, housing vital vascular structures and the convergence of nerve cords that govern upper limb function. Historically, surgical intervention for nerve injuries or compression syndromes in this area required extensive open dissections, often involving significant morbidity, prolonged recovery, and the risk of scarring that could further entrap neural elements. However, the emergence of endoscopic and arthroscopic techniques is shifting the paradigm toward minimally invasive decompression and neurolysis. Two landmark studies have recently highlighted the efficacy of these approaches in treating both traumatic nerve injuries and neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome (nTOS), offering clinicians a more refined toolkit for patient care.
