Introduction
Penile amputation represents a rare yet devastating urological emergency with significant physical and psychological implications. Etiologies encompass traumatic injuries, self-inflicted amputations linked to psychiatric disorders, and accidental causes. Restoration of penile form and function demands meticulous microsurgical replantation to achieve vascular patency, nerve coaptation, and preservation of erectile and sensory capacities. The advent and refinement of microsurgical techniques have substantially advanced the success of penile reattachment by enabling precise reconnection of arterial and venous circulations as well as neural elements, which are critical to preserving erectile function and tactile sensation. This review synthesizes recent evidence from 2015 to 2023 on microsurgical penile replantation, perioperative and postoperative care, outlining prevailing complications, innovative solutions, and directions for future clinical practice.
