Highlight
- Older age and chronic kidney disease (CKD) subgroups demonstrated improvements in glycemic control over three years without increased hypoglycemia risk.
- Severe β-cell failure was associated with more glycemic variability and hypoglycemia, limiting improvements in glucose control despite monitoring.
- Higher BMI and elevated triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index were linked to lower absolute time in range (TIR), but those with highest TyG showed greater glycemic improvement longitudinally.
- Considerable intragroup variability supports tailoring glycemic targets informed by continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) trajectories rather than uniform goals.
Specialty calculators
For clinical reference; use professional judgment.
