Older age and chronic kidney disease (CKD) subgroups demonstrated improvements in glycemic control over three years without increased hypoglycemia risk.
Severe β-cell failure was associated with more glycemic variability and hypoglycemia, limiting improvements in glucose control despite monitoring.
Higher BMI and elevated triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index were linked to lower absolute time in range (TIR), but those with highest TyG showed greater glycemic improvement longitudinally.
Considerable intragroup variability supports tailoring glycemic targets informed by continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) trajectories rather than uniform goals.
