Highlight
- Visual identification of parathyroid glands during thyroidectomy achieves moderate sensitivity (84%) but low specificity (44%), limiting accuracy.
- Diagnostic accuracy does not significantly vary between expert otolaryngologists, junior staff, and residents.
- Decision curve analysis demonstrates that visual identification offers greater net clinical benefit than universal treatment or no treatment at a threshold probability of 27%.
- Results underscore the need for objective adjunctive techniques, such as biochemical or optical methods, to improve parathyroid gland preservation.
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