EPVS burden strongly associates with early serum biomarkers of Alzheimer’s pathology including phosphorylated tau (p-tau181), neurofilament light chain (NfL), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), indicating neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration.
Inverse correlation between EPVS and amyloid beta 42/40 ratio suggests vascular contributions to amyloid pathology in preclinical and mild cognitive impairment stages.
EPVS exhibits a robust relationship with cognitive deficits in visuospatial and executive functions, especially in participants with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).
Integrating EPVS evaluation into routine MRI protocols could enhance early AD detection and patient stratification in diverse populations.
