Study Background and Disease Burden
Heart failure (HF) represents a significant global health challenge, with a particular burden associated with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). HFpEF accounts for a substantial percentage of heart failure cases, characterized primarily by the ability of the heart to pump blood effectively while maintaining a normal ejection fraction. Patients with HFpEF commonly present with symptoms such as dyspnea, fatigue, and exercise intolerance, leading to decreased quality of life and substantial healthcare costs. Despite advancements in treatment, many patients with HFpEF experience recurrent hospitalizations and poor long-term outcomes. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), such as dapagliflozin, have recently been shown to improve clinical outcomes in heart failure populations, while mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, including spironolactone, have similarly demonstrated benefits in related heart failure cohorts. Nonetheless, there is limited data on the effectiveness and safety of the concurrent use of SGLT2i and spironolactone, which this study seeks to address.
