Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is increasingly validated as a biomarker to guide adjuvant therapy decisions across multiple solid tumors.
Recent prospective studies and trials demonstrate that ctDNA-guided strategies can personalize adjuvant treatment, potentially reducing overtreatment and improving outcomes.
Technological advances in ctDNA detection and quantification provide enhanced sensitivity for minimal residual disease detection, enabling earlier intervention.
Challenges remain in standardization, optimal timing, and integration into clinical guidelines, warranting further large-scale randomized studies.
