Study Background and Disease Burden
Obesity in older adults exacerbates the natural decline in metabolic regulation and physical function, contributing to heightened frailty, insulin resistance, and increased risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Age-associated changes compounded by adiposity result in diminished insulin sensitivity and impaired insulin secretion. While diet-induced weight loss has been proven beneficial for metabolic health and physical functionality, the differential effects of exercise modalities—specifically aerobic versus resistance training—when combined with diet on insulin secretion and relevant mediators in this vulnerable population remain inadequately characterized. Understanding the mechanistic mediators may guide tailored lifestyle interventions for obese older adults, optimizing both metabolic and functional outcomes.
