The CASTL trial evaluated 16 combinations of tobacco cessation components among smokers scheduled for lung cancer screening in the U.S.
Loss-framed messaging combined with nicotine patch and lozenge demonstrated the highest value-efficiency, with an expected 30% abstinence at a cost of $287.41.
Gain-framed messaging alone offered a low-cost alternative with 13% abstinence at $51.29.
High dependency was evident, with 79% of participants smoking within 30 minutes of waking.
