Highlights
Higher body mass and BMI have small but consistent associations with several lower‑extremity injuries in female athletes (very low certainty evidence). Meta‑analyses across female‑specific estimates found no clear association for lower‑extremity strength measures or artificial turf exposure. The literature is heterogeneous: 195 studies evaluated 66 modifiable risk factor (MRF) categories across eight injury outcomes, yet 37.4% of studies had high risk of bias and most evidence is exploratory.
