HIV prevalence among Men who have Sex with Men (MSM) in Iran is estimated at 4.2%, a rate significantly higher than that of other key populations in the country.
The HIV cascade of care reveals a sharp decline in outcomes, with only 35% of those living with HIV achieving viral suppression.
Key risk factors for HIV seropositivity include older age, a history of incarceration, and involvement in lifetime sex work.
Significant structural and sociocultural barriers continue to hinder testing and antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence in this underserved population.
Background: The Challenge of Surveillance in Stigmatized Contexts
