Highlight
– In a target trial emulation of U.S. Medicare beneficiaries, GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) did not show a statistically significant reduction in incident dementia compared to DPP-4 inhibitors (DPP4is) overall.
– Age-stratified analysis suggested possible benefit for those under 75 years (risk ratio 0.64; 95% CI, 0.46–0.93) but no benefit—and perhaps harm—in those 75 or older (risk ratio 1.22; 95% CI, 0.74–1.66).
– The study underscores the need for randomized controlled trials to clarify the cognitive effects of GLP-1RAs in diabetes care.
