Vitamin D Co-administration as a Protective Strategy Against Obesity-Induced Male Reproductive Dysfunction: Mechanistic Insights and Clinical Implications

Vitamin D (VD) co-administration effectively restores serum testosterone, FSH, and LH levels in high-fat diet (HFD) models.
Mechanistic protection involves the upregulation of the VDR/RXR signaling pathway and stabilization of the Blood-Testis Barrier (BTB).
VD mitigates mitochondrial decay and glucose transporter (GLUT1) downregulation in epididymal sperm.
Modulation of the RANK/RANKL/OPG axis suggests a novel link between metabolic health and testicular endocrine function.