Specific IgG N-glycosylation patterns—particularly agalactosylated, asialylated, and bisected glycans—associate with increased risk of incident diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetes.
Galactosylated and sialylated IgG glycans demonstrate protective associations, correlating with lower nephropathy incidence.
No significant associations were found between IgG N-glycan profiles and incident diabetic neuropathy after correction for multiple testing.
These findings implicate immune-related glycan modifications as potential biomarkers and mechanistic contributors of diabetic kidney disease.
