Frailty Amplifies Mortality Risk Across the PaO2/FiO2 Spectrum: Insights from a 497,185‑Patient ANZICS Cohort
Posted inCritical Care news Respiratory

Frailty Amplifies Mortality Risk Across the PaO2/FiO2 Spectrum: Insights from a 497,185‑Patient ANZICS Cohort

In a 497,185‑patient registry study, frailty (CFS ≥5) was common and associated with substantially higher in‑hospital mortality across all severities of acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (AHRF). The relationship between PaO2/FiO2 and death was nonlinear and distinctly separated by frailty category.
Both Too Little and Too Much Respiratory Drive and Effort Predict Worse Outcomes on Mechanical Ventilation: Insights from a Prospective Toronto Cohort
Posted inCritical Care news Respiratory

Both Too Little and Too Much Respiratory Drive and Effort Predict Worse Outcomes on Mechanical Ventilation: Insights from a Prospective Toronto Cohort

A prospective registry study found a U-shaped relationship between respiratory drive/effort and ICU outcomes: both low and high drive/effort linked with higher mortality and slower discharge, especially when oxygenation (PaO2:FiO2) ≤150 mmHg; ventilator driving pressure effects were amplified by patient effort.
Checkpoint inhibition for frail patients: Durvalumab with carboplatin–etoposide shows tolerability and a 1‑year survival signal in poor‑performance‑status extensive‑stage SCLC (NEJ045A)
Posted innews Oncology Respiratory

Checkpoint inhibition for frail patients: Durvalumab with carboplatin–etoposide shows tolerability and a 1‑year survival signal in poor‑performance‑status extensive‑stage SCLC (NEJ045A)

NEJ045A shows durvalumab plus carboplatin–etoposide is feasible in ES‑SCLC patients with PS2–3, with induction completion rates above thresholds and a 1‑year survival of 43.4% overall, supporting cautious use of chemo‑immunotherapy in selected frail patients.
Dupilumab Surpasses Omalizumab for Type‑2 Respiratory Disease: Converging Evidence from a Head‑to‑Head RCT, Real‑World US Data, and a Target‑Trial Emulation
Posted inAllergy & Immunology news Respiratory

Dupilumab Surpasses Omalizumab for Type‑2 Respiratory Disease: Converging Evidence from a Head‑to‑Head RCT, Real‑World US Data, and a Target‑Trial Emulation

Three complementary studies—EVEREST (head‑to‑head RCT), the US ADVANTAGE real‑world study, and a target‑trial emulation—consistently show greater reductions in nasal polyp burden, smell loss, asthma exacerbations, and systemic steroid use with dupilumab versus omalizumab in type‑2 respiratory disease.
SMARCA4-altered Resectable and Advanced NSCLC: Neoadjuvant Immunochemotherapy Works for Squamous, But KRAS+STK11/KEAP1 Co-mutations Define an Immune‑Cold High‑Risk Subset
Posted innews Oncology Respiratory

SMARCA4-altered Resectable and Advanced NSCLC: Neoadjuvant Immunochemotherapy Works for Squamous, But KRAS+STK11/KEAP1 Co-mutations Define an Immune‑Cold High‑Risk Subset

Two contemporary series show that SMARCA4‑altered NSCLC is molecularly and clinically heterogeneous: squamous tumors have high pathologic responses to neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy, while non‑squamous tumors—especially those with co‑occurring KRAS and STK11/KEAP1 alterations—are immune‑cold and have poor outcomes despite chemoimmunotherapy.
Bivalent RSV pre‑F Vaccine Dramatically Reduces RSV‑Associated Hospitalisations and Chronic‑Disease Exacerbations in Adults Aged 75–79 Years
Posted inInfectious Diseases news Respiratory

Bivalent RSV pre‑F Vaccine Dramatically Reduces RSV‑Associated Hospitalisations and Chronic‑Disease Exacerbations in Adults Aged 75–79 Years

In a multicentre test‑negative study of 1006 adults aged 75–79 in England, a bivalent RSV pre‑F vaccine reduced RSV‑associated hospitalisation by 82% overall and protected against severe disease and exacerbations of chronic heart and lung disease, including in immunosuppressed patients.
Three-Month Clofazimine–Rifapentine Regimen for Drug‑Susceptible TB Failed to Improve Outcomes and Raised Safety Concerns: Lessons from Clo‑Fast (Phase 2c)
Posted inInfectious Diseases news Respiratory

Three-Month Clofazimine–Rifapentine Regimen for Drug‑Susceptible TB Failed to Improve Outcomes and Raised Safety Concerns: Lessons from Clo‑Fast (Phase 2c)

The Clo‑Fast phase 2c trial tested a 3‑month rifapentine‑clofazimine regimen versus standard 6‑month therapy for drug‑susceptible pulmonary TB. Culture conversion at 12 weeks was similar, but shorter therapy had higher grade ≥3 adverse events and worse 65‑week composite clinical outcomes, leading to early termination.
Post‑COVID Resurgence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in French Children: Hospital Burden, Risk Factors for ICU Admission, and Clinical Implications
Posted inCritical Care Infectious Diseases news Pediatrics Public Health Respiratory

Post‑COVID Resurgence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in French Children: Hospital Burden, Risk Factors for ICU Admission, and Clinical Implications

A nationwide French multicentre cohort (ORIGAMI) documents a substantial 2023–24 paediatric hospitalisation surge from Mycoplasma pneumoniae, identifies older age, asthma, comorbidity and erythema multiforme as ICU risk factors, and highlights stewardship and surveillance priorities.
Brand-Specific Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness in Nordic Older Adults: Insights from the 2024-2025 Season Registry-Based Target Trial Emulation
Posted inClinical Updates Infectious Diseases news Public Health Respiratory

Brand-Specific Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness in Nordic Older Adults: Insights from the 2024-2025 Season Registry-Based Target Trial Emulation

This comprehensive review synthesizes recent evidence on brand-specific influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) among adults aged ≥65 in Denmark, Finland, and Sweden during the 2024-2025 season, underscoring heterogeneous VE profiles and the clinical impact of high-dose adjuvanted vaccines.
Persistent Inspiratory Muscle Weakness After Prolonged Intubation: MIP at Day 12 Predicts Failure to Recover in the Acute-Care Stay
Posted inCritical Care news Nursing & care Respiratory

Persistent Inspiratory Muscle Weakness After Prolonged Intubation: MIP at Day 12 Predicts Failure to Recover in the Acute-Care Stay

In patients extubated after ≥7 days of mechanical ventilation, 43% had persistent inspiratory muscle weakness at hospital discharge. Maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) measured 12 days after diagnosis strongly predicted persistent weakness and may guide early rehabilitation and resource allocation.