Background
Adalimumab is a biologic medicine that blocks tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), a key inflammatory signal in many autoimmune diseases. It is widely used for conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, psoriasis, axial spondyloarthritis, and several eye-related inflammatory disorders. Although adalimumab can be highly effective, some patients develop anti-adalimumab antibodies (AAA). These antibodies can reduce drug levels, lower treatment response, and sometimes lead to loss of disease control.
Therapeutic drug monitoring, which includes checking adalimumab concentration and AAA status, may help clinicians understand why a patient is not responding as expected. However, the risk factors for developing AAA are not fully understood. This study focused on whether ocular inflammation itself, often a sign of active autoimmune disease, is associated with a higher chance of AAA formation.
