The Challenge of Refractory Hidradenitis Suppurativa
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) remains one of the most challenging conditions in dermatology, characterized by chronic, recurrent, painful inflammatory nodules, abscesses, and the development of draining tunnels (sinus tracts). For patients with moderate-to-severe disease, the therapeutic landscape has long been dominated by TNF-alpha inhibitors like adalimumab. However, a significant proportion of patients either fail to respond or lose response over time, particularly those with complex structural disease involving extensive tunneling. There is a critical unmet need for therapies that target different arms of the inflammatory cascade, especially the complement system, which has been implicated in the neutrophilic drive of HS pathogenesis.
