Enhanced Salvage Therapy in Relapsed/Refractory AML: Venetoclax Plus High-Dose Cytarabine and Mitoxantrone Shows Promising Outcomes and Risk Stratification Insights

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1. Combining venetoclax with high-dose cytarabine and mitoxantrone (HAM) yields a complete remission or CR with incomplete hematologic recovery (CR/CRi) rate of 69% in relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia (R/R AML) patients in a real-world setting.
2. The treatment regimen shows greater efficacy in patients with only one prior therapy line and those naïve to venetoclax.
3. One-year relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) rates are encouraging at 59% and 58%, respectively.
4. A prognostic model incorporating TP53 mutation, complex karyotype, multiple prior therapies, and poor performance status effectively stratifies patient outcomes, aiding individualized risk assessment.

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