Introduction
Shoulder dystocia and birth trauma represent significant obstetric emergencies affecting 0.5-1.5% of deliveries worldwide. These complications carry substantial risks including neonatal brachial plexus injuries, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, and maternal postpartum hemorrhage. Current clinical practice relies heavily on estimated fetal weight (EFW) thresholds, particularly the ≥90th centile criterion. However, EFW-based predictions show limited sensitivity. This retrospective cohort study aimed to develop superior antenatal prediction models using routinely available maternal characteristics and fetal biometric data.
Methodology
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