Highlights
- The SHINE-MDT intervention reduced radiotherapy interruption rates by 13.9 percentage points compared to usual care (11.1% vs. 25.0%).
- Significant improvements were observed in patient-reported Quality of Life (QOL), specifically in global health status scores.
- Multidisciplinary support led to superior nutritional outcomes and lower levels of psychological distress, anxiety, and depression.
- The study underscores the critical role of oncology nurse specialists in coordinating holistic care for complex cancer populations.
Introduction: The Clinical Challenge of Head and Neck Cancer Radiotherapy
Patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) face some of the most grueling treatment regimens in oncology. Radiotherapy, often combined with chemotherapy, remains a cornerstone of curative intent; however, the anatomical location of these tumors means that treatment side effects are frequently debilitating. Patients often suffer from severe mucositis, xerostomia, dysphagia, and profound fatigue. These physical symptoms do not exist in a vacuum; they precipitate rapid nutritional decline and significant psychological distress.
Clinically, one of the most detrimental consequences of these toxicities is the interruption of radiotherapy. Treatment breaks allow for accelerated repopulation of tumor cells, which is strongly associated with decreased local control and poorer overall survival. Despite international guidelines recommending comprehensive nutritional, psychological, and rehabilitative support, the implementation of such services remains fragmented in many healthcare systems. In China, where the burden of HNC is substantial, access to integrated supportive care is often hindered by high patient volumes and a lack of standardized coordination frameworks. The SHINE-MDT (Supportive Holistic Interventions by Nurses and Experts via Multidisciplinary Team) trial sought to address this gap by evaluating a structured, nurse-led multidisciplinary approach.
Study Design and Methodology
The SHINE-MDT trial was a prospective, randomized clinical trial conducted at West China Hospital between April and December 2023. The study enrolled 233 adult patients (mean age 51.7 years; 67.8% male) with head and neck cancer who were scheduled to undergo radiotherapy. Participants were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to either the Supportive Holistic Interventions by Nurses and Experts via Multidisciplinary Team (SHINE-MDT) group or a Usual Care (UC) group.
The SHINE-MDT Framework
The intervention group received care coordinated by oncology nurse specialists. The multidisciplinary team was composed of radiation and medical oncologists, clinical dietitians, psychotherapists, and rehabilitation physicians. The framework was designed to be proactive rather than reactive, focusing on several key domains:
- Nutritional Support: Regular assessment and tailored dietary interventions to prevent cachexia and dehydration.
- Psychological Care: Routine screening for distress and access to psychotherapeutic interventions for anxiety and depression.
- Physical Rehabilitation: Exercises and therapies to mitigate treatment-related functional decline, such as trismus or neck stiffness.
- Nursing Coordination: Oncology nurses served as the primary point of contact, ensuring that specialist recommendations were integrated and that patients adhered to the supportive care plan.
Endpoints and Assessments
The primary outcome was the radiotherapy interruption rate, defined as any cessation of treatment due to toxicity or patient-related factors. Secondary outcomes were comprehensive and longitudinal, including:
- Quality of Life: Assessed via the EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire.
- Nutritional Status: Evaluated using the Nutrition Risk Screening 2002 (NRS-2002) and the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA).
- Psychological Status: Measured through the Distress Thermometer (DT), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS).
Data were collected from baseline through six months post-treatment, utilizing mixed-effects models to account for the longitudinal nature of the assessments.
Key Findings: Reducing Interruptions and Improving Holistic Health
The results of the SHINE-MDT trial provide compelling evidence for the efficacy of integrated supportive care. The study successfully met its primary endpoint and demonstrated broad benefits across all secondary metrics.
Radiotherapy Interruptions
In the intent-to-treat population, the radiotherapy interruption rate was significantly lower in the SHINE-MDT group compared to the UC group. Only 11.1% (95% CI, 6.0%-18.2%) of patients in the intervention arm experienced treatment breaks, compared to 25.0% (95% CI, 17.2%-34.2%) in the usual care arm. This represents a 13.9 percentage point reduction (P = .003), a clinically significant margin that directly impacts the likelihood of achieving optimal oncological outcomes.
Nutritional and Physical Resilience
Nutritional decline is a hallmark of HNC radiotherapy. However, the SHINE-MDT group maintained better nutritional indicators. At the conclusion of radiotherapy, the mean NRS-2002 score was 2.19 for the intervention group versus 2.80 for the control (P < .001). Similarly, PG-SGA scores, which reflect subjective global assessment of nutrition, were markedly better in the SHINE-MDT group (6.89 vs. 10.19; P < .001). By proactively managing oral intake and providing early dietary counseling, the MDT was able to mitigate the severe weight loss and malnutrition that often lead to hospitalization and treatment cessation.
Psychological Burden and Quality of Life
The psychological impact of HNC is profound, often exacerbated by facial disfigurement and the loss of essential functions like speech and swallowing. The SHINE-MDT intervention significantly alleviated this burden. Compared to the UC group, patients in the intervention group reported lower scores across all psychological metrics at the end of radiotherapy:
- Distress Thermometer: 3.02 vs. 4.30 (P < .001)
- HADS-Anxiety: 4.96 vs. 7.27 (P < .001)
- HADS-Depression: 4.48 vs. 6.06 (P < .001)
- PHQ-9 (Depression): 2.22 vs. 3.49 (P < .001)
These improvements in mental health and physical symptoms translated into a significantly higher Global Health Status score on the QLQ-C30 (68.59 vs. 64.06; P = .009), suggesting that the SHINE-MDT framework successfully preserved patient well-being during the peak of treatment toxicity.
Expert Commentary and Clinical Implications
The SHINE-MDT trial highlights a critical shift from tumor-centric care to patient-centric care. While oncologists focus on dose-volume histograms and target delineation, the SHINE-MDT framework ensures that the patient’s physiological and psychological reserve is maintained to withstand the treatment.
One of the most notable aspects of this study is the central role of the oncology nurse specialist. In many healthcare settings, multidisciplinary care is discussed but rarely executed efficiently because no single provider is responsible for the holistic trajectory of the patient. By empowering nurses to coordinate between dietitians, psychologists, and physicians, the SHINE-MDT model creates a cohesive safety net. This is particularly relevant in high-volume centers where individual specialists may only see a patient for a brief window of time.
However, the study is not without limitations. As a single-center trial conducted at a prestigious tertiary hospital (West China Hospital), the results may reflect the high level of institutional expertise and resources available there. Implementing such a resource-intensive MDT model in smaller, community-based clinics may present logistical and financial challenges. Future research should focus on the cost-effectiveness of this model and its scalability in diverse healthcare environments.
Conclusion: A New Standard for Supportive Care
The SHINE-MDT randomized clinical trial provides robust evidence that a coordinated, multidisciplinary support system can significantly improve the clinical course for patients with head and neck cancer. By reducing radiotherapy interruptions and enhancing nutritional and psychological health, the SHINE-MDT framework addresses the most significant barriers to successful treatment completion. For clinicians and healthcare administrators, these findings suggest that investing in integrated supportive care is not merely an “extra” service, but a fundamental component of high-quality oncology care that may ultimately improve survival by ensuring treatment continuity.
Funding and Trial Registration
This study was supported by grants from the West China Hospital and relevant regional health research funds. The trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05828004).
References
- Pei Y, Wang J, Li J, et al. Multidisciplinary Team Support for Patients With Head and Neck Cancer Receiving Radiotherapy: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open. 2025;8(12):e2547590. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.47590.
- Bortolan MT, et al. Nutrition and quality of life in head and neck cancer patients. Oral Oncol. 2021;119:105374.
- Isenring EA, et al. The role of nutrition in head and neck cancer. Lancet Oncol. 2018;19(11):e653-e661.
