Inflammatory and Cardiac Biomarkers Predict VTE and Bleeding Risks in Cancer Patients

Highlights

1. Elevated baseline growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) is associated with increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in cancer patients.

2. N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and C-reactive protein (CRP) are linked to higher bleeding risk.

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