Long-term Immunological and Clinical Outcomes of Monkeypox Virus Infection versus MVA-BN Vaccination: A 24-Month Longitudinal Cohort Analysis
This 24-month Belgian cohort study demonstrates that natural MPXV infection induces more durable and robust immunity than MVA-BN vaccination. While clinical symptoms mostly resolve within a year, persistent scarring remains common, and vaccine-induced immunity wanes significantly, highlighting the potential need for booster strategies.
