Next-Day HIV Viral Load Results Improve Time to Care for People Living with HIV but Show Limited Impact on Prevention Linkage
Posted inHIV/AIDS Infectious Diseases news

Next-Day HIV Viral Load Results Improve Time to Care for People Living with HIV but Show Limited Impact on Prevention Linkage

This randomized clinical trial explored if next-day HIV viral load results improve linkage to care. While overall linkage rates remained unchanged, the intervention significantly accelerated care initiation for individuals already living with HIV, suggesting a nuanced benefit for treatment over prevention pathways.
Real-World Implementation of RTS,S/AS01E Malaria Vaccine Reduces Severe Malaria by 58%: Evidence from the EPI-MAL-003 Phase 4 Study
Posted inInfectious Diseases news Pediatrics

Real-World Implementation of RTS,S/AS01E Malaria Vaccine Reduces Severe Malaria by 58%: Evidence from the EPI-MAL-003 Phase 4 Study

This interim analysis of the phase 4 EPI-MAL-003 study demonstrates that the RTS,S/AS01E malaria vaccine significantly reduces severe malaria, malaria-related hospitalizations, and all-cause hospitalizations in real-world clinical settings across Ghana, Kenya, and Malawi, supporting its widespread public health utility.
The SEIZURE Score Faces Global Challenges: International Validation Highlights Geographic Disparities in Predicting Encephalitis Seizures
Posted inInfectious Diseases Neurology news

The SEIZURE Score Faces Global Challenges: International Validation Highlights Geographic Disparities in Predicting Encephalitis Seizures

An international evaluation of the SEIZURE score reveals limited global predictive power for acute seizures in encephalitis. While the tool performs well in Western Europe, particularly Portugal, its utility elsewhere is hampered by etiological diversity and diagnostic limitations.
High-Dose Influenza Vaccine Fails to Significantly Reduce Combined Influenza and Pneumonia Hospitalizations: Insights from the DANFLU-2 Trial
Posted inInfectious Diseases news Public Health Respiratory

High-Dose Influenza Vaccine Fails to Significantly Reduce Combined Influenza and Pneumonia Hospitalizations: Insights from the DANFLU-2 Trial

The DANFLU-2 trial found that while high-dose influenza vaccines significantly reduced influenza-specific hospitalizations in older adults, they did not reach statistical significance for the combined primary endpoint of influenza or pneumonia hospitalizations compared to standard-dose vaccines.
High-Dose Oral Rifampin Did Not Improve Survival in Tuberculous Meningitis—HARVEST Trial Shows No Benefit and Possible Harm
Posted inInfectious Diseases Neurology news

High-Dose Oral Rifampin Did Not Improve Survival in Tuberculous Meningitis—HARVEST Trial Shows No Benefit and Possible Harm

A multinational randomized trial found that adding high‑dose oral rifampin (total 35 mg/kg for 8 weeks) to standard therapy did not reduce 6‑month mortality in adults with tuberculous meningitis and was associated with more drug‑induced liver injury and earlier deaths in some patients.
ICU Structure and Care Processes Drive VAP and CLABSI Burden in Brazilian ICUs: Insights from the IMPACTO‑MR Nested Cohort
Posted inCritical Care Infectious Diseases news

ICU Structure and Care Processes Drive VAP and CLABSI Burden in Brazilian ICUs: Insights from the IMPACTO‑MR Nested Cohort

A large multicenter Brazilian cohort found that ICU-level structure and process measures — staffing, prevention protocols, hand hygiene training, visitation policies, and specific clinical roles — explain substantial between-hospital variability and are associated with lower VAP and CLABSI rates.
ICU Structure and Care Processes Explain Much of VAP and CLABSI Variation in Brazilian ICUs: Findings from a 50‑Unit IMPACTO‑MR Nested Cohort
Posted inCritical Care Infectious Diseases news

ICU Structure and Care Processes Explain Much of VAP and CLABSI Variation in Brazilian ICUs: Findings from a 50‑Unit IMPACTO‑MR Nested Cohort

A 50‑ICU nested cohort from the IMPACTO‑MR platform links ICU-level structure and care processes to substantially different ventilator‑associated pneumonia and central line‑associated bloodstream infection rates, highlighting modifiable institutional targets in LMIC intensive care.
Precision Immunotherapy for Sepsis: ImmunoSep Trial Shows Early Organ‑Function Benefit with Targeted Anakinra or IFN‑γ
Posted inCritical Care Infectious Diseases news

Precision Immunotherapy for Sepsis: ImmunoSep Trial Shows Early Organ‑Function Benefit with Targeted Anakinra or IFN‑γ

The ImmunoSep randomized trial found that biomarker-guided immunotherapy (anakinra for macrophage activation‑like syndrome; interferon‑γ for sepsis‑induced immunoparalysis) improved organ dysfunction by day 9 versus placebo, though 28‑day mortality was unchanged. Safety signals require follow‑up.
Novel Type 1 and Type 3 Live Attenuated Oral Poliovirus Vaccines Show Comparable Safety, Immunogenicity, and Shedding to Sabin mOPV in First‑in‑Human Phase 1 Trial
Posted inInfectious Diseases news Public Health

Novel Type 1 and Type 3 Live Attenuated Oral Poliovirus Vaccines Show Comparable Safety, Immunogenicity, and Shedding to Sabin mOPV in First‑in‑Human Phase 1 Trial

A multicentre phase 1 trial in healthy US adults found nOPV1 and nOPV3 were well tolerated and induced robust homotypic neutralising antibody responses with shedding profiles similar to Sabin monovalent OPV, supporting progression to phase 2 studies.
High Viral Suppression with TLD in PEPFAR Programs — But Resistance and Adherence Signals Require Targeted Action
Posted inHIV/AIDS Infectious Diseases news

High Viral Suppression with TLD in PEPFAR Programs — But Resistance and Adherence Signals Require Targeted Action

A multinational prospective cohort found high viral suppression after switching or initiating tenofovir–lamivudine–dolutegravir (TLD), but emergent dolutegravir-resistance was detected in a small subgroup with prior virological failure and poor adherence, highlighting the need for monitoring and adherence support.
Daily High‑Dose Mosnodenvir Significantly Lowers DENV‑3 Viremia in a Human Challenge — Proof‑of‑Concept with Early Resistance Signals
Posted inInfectious Diseases news Public Health

Daily High‑Dose Mosnodenvir Significantly Lowers DENV‑3 Viremia in a Human Challenge — Proof‑of‑Concept with Early Resistance Signals

In a phase 2a human challenge, high‑dose daily mosnodenvir substantially reduced DENV‑3 RNA burden versus placebo without serious adverse events, but treatment‑associated NS4B viral mutations emerged, highlighting efficacy and resistance concerns that require larger field studies.