Haptoglobin 1-1 and Low Protein Levels: Identifying the Lowest Cardiovascular Risk in Type 2 Diabetes

Haptoglobin 1-1 and Low Protein Levels: Identifying the Lowest Cardiovascular Risk in Type 2 Diabetes

A FIELD sub-study reveals that while higher haptoglobin levels increase cardiovascular risk—particularly in those with the HP 1-1 phenotype—fenofibrate's protective effects remain consistent regardless of haptoglobin status, challenging previous assumptions about phenotype-specific treatment responses.