Deep Capillary Plexus Defects Emerge as a Universal Biomarker for Retinal Ischemia Across All Retinal Regions in Diabetic Retinopathy

Deep Capillary Plexus Defects Emerge as a Universal Biomarker for Retinal Ischemia Across All Retinal Regions in Diabetic Retinopathy

Novel OCTA biomarkers reveal that geometric perfusion deficits in the deep capillary plexus serve as robust predictors of retinal nonperfusion across posterior, peripheral, and total retinal regions, while foveal avascular zone enlargement specifically reflects posterior ischemic changes in diabetes.