Highlight
- This large-scale Danish study found that mesh weight significantly influences the risk of reoperation for recurrence after laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair.
- The mesh weight range of 45 to 65 g/m² demonstrated the lowest reoperation rates compared to lighter (65 g/m²) meshes.
- Meshes that are either lighter or heavier than this optimal range were associated with more than double the risk of recurrence leading to reoperation.
Study Background
Inguinal hernia repair is one of the most common general surgical procedures worldwide. The use of prosthetic mesh to reinforce the inguinal floor has significantly reduced recurrence rates compared to tissue-based repairs. However, despite widespread mesh utilization, hernia recurrence requiring reoperation remains a key clinical challenge, affecting patient morbidity and healthcare costs.
Previous classifications of mesh products into lightweight and heavyweight categories have been largely arbitrary and not well correlated with clinical outcomes such as recurrence rates. Optimizing mesh characteristics, particularly mesh weight, could potentially improve surgical success by balancing adequate structural support with minimizing foreign body reaction and mesh-related complications.
Study Design
This nationwide cohort study leveraged prospectively collected data from the Danish Inguinal Hernia Database, including patients aged 18 years and older who underwent primary transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair between January 1998 and July 2023.
Patients were grouped based on mesh density into three categories: less than 45 g/m², 45 to 65 g/m², and greater than 65 g/m². These groups were compared for the primary outcome of reoperation for hernia recurrence, ascertained through linkage with the Danish National Patient Registry which also allowed for comprehensive follow-up until data extraction, death, or emigration.
The study used Cox proportional hazards regression models to evaluate the risk of reoperation across the mesh weight categories, with sequential exploratory analyses identifying the optimal weight interval associated with the lowest recurrence risk.
Key Findings
The study included 43,986 inguinal hernias in 36,446 patients, distributed as follows: 16,949 hernias with mesh 65 g/m². Over the study period, 1,910 hernias (4.34%) underwent reoperation for recurrence.
The group with mesh weights between 45 and 65 g/m² demonstrated the lowest hazard for reoperation. Specifically, compared to this reference group, the hazard ratios for reoperation were significantly elevated for both lighter and heavier mesh groups:
- <45 g/m²: Hazard Ratio (HR) 2.6 (95% CI, 2.2–2.8), P < .001
- >65 g/m²: HR 2.4 (95% CI, 2.1–2.8), P < .001
These findings suggest a U-shaped relationship between mesh weight and recurrence risk, indicating that both excessively lightweight and heavyweight meshes may predispose to higher reoperation rates due to recurrence.
Expert Commentary
The findings from this extensive Danish cohort provide compelling evidence that mesh weight is a critical factor influencing the durability of laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair. The biological rationale behind the association likely involves a balance between mechanical strength and host tissue integration.
Lightweight meshes, while potentially reducing foreign body sensation and chronic pain, may lack sufficient mechanical integrity to prevent recurrence. Conversely, heavyweight meshes may induce excessive fibrosis and stiffness, leading to chronic inflammation and mesh contraction, which can compromise repair integrity over time.
Importantly, the study’s large sample size and population-based design underscore the robustness of these conclusions. Nonetheless, limitations include potential unmeasured confounders such as surgeon technique variation, mesh material composition beyond weight, and patient-specific factors like connective tissue disorders or activity levels.
Future research could explore the interplay of mesh porosity, material type, and patient biology to refine mesh selection further. Additionally, integration of patient-reported outcomes regarding pain and quality of life will be essential to fully guide mesh choice in clinical practice.
Conclusion
This nationwide Danish cohort study establishes that mesh weight substantially impacts recurrence requiring reoperation after laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair. A mesh weight ranging from 45 to 65 g/m² is associated with the lowest risk of recurrence reoperation, suggesting this interval represents an optimal balance between mechanical support and host tissue compatibility.
Surgeons performing laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair should consider selecting meshes within this weight range to optimize patient outcomes and reduce the need for secondary interventions. Such evidence-based selection contributes to precision surgical care and enhanced quality of life for patients undergoing hernia repair.
References
- Deveci CD, Baker JJ, Rosenberg J. Mesh Weight in Reoperation for Recurrence After Laparoscopic Inguinal Hernia Repair. JAMA Surg. 2025 Oct 15. doi:10.1001/jamasurg.2025.4328.
- Fränneby U, et al. Recurrence and chronic pain after groin hernia repair: a systematic review. Hernia. 2006 Apr;10(2):87-92.
- Liang MK, et al. Comparison of lightweight and heavyweight mesh for open inguinal hernia repair: a meta-analysis. Surgery. 2009 Oct;146(4):544-52.
