Highlight
– A 6-week 16/8 time-restricted eating (TRE) intervention significantly reduced fat mass and body fat percentage in female DanceSport dancers without caloric restriction.
– TRE enhanced serum epinephrine, norepinephrine, and adiponectin levels, suggesting activation of lipolytic pathways.
– HDL cholesterol improved post-intervention, indicating favorable lipid profile modulation.
– Lean mass and total body weight remained unchanged, emphasizing fat-specific effects.
Study Background and Disease Burden
Maintaining optimal body composition is critical in aesthetic and performance sports such as DanceSport, where athletes require a lean physique to enhance both performance and presentation. Conventional strategies often rely on caloric restriction to reduce fat mass; however, such approaches can compromise lean mass and metabolic health. Time-restricted eating (TRE), a form of intermittent fasting that confines food intake to specific daily windows without necessarily reducing calories, has emerged as a promising strategy to improve metabolic outcomes. Although TRE has been studied in general populations, research focusing on its impact among female athletes—especially those involved in disciplines demanding high body composition precision—is limited. Furthermore, the influence of TRE on lipolytic hormones that regulate fat metabolism remains to be fully elucidated in this context.
Study Design
This randomized controlled trial enrolled 20 female DanceSport dancers, randomly assigned to either a TRE group (n=10) or control group (n=10). Participants in the TRE group adhered to a 16/8 protocol consuming all daily food intake within an 8-hour window from 11:00 to 19:00, followed by a 16-hour fasting period for six weeks. The control group maintained their usual eating schedules without intervention. Importantly, no caloric intake restrictions were imposed in either group, and participants’ dietary intake was monitored to ensure energy and macronutrient consistency. Primary endpoints included changes in body composition parameters—body fat percentage (BF%), fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM)—measured through validated methods at baseline and study conclusion. Secondary endpoints comprised serum biomarkers relevant to lipid metabolism: epinephrine (E), norepinephrine (NE), adiponectin (ADPN), leptin (LEP), growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and blood lipid profile components including total cholesterol (TC), LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides (TG).
Key Findings
Following the 6-week intervention, the TRE group demonstrated statistically significant reductions in fat mass and body fat percentage compared to baseline (p < 0.01). Importantly, total body weight and fat-free mass did not change significantly (p > 0.05), highlighting selective fat loss rather than overall weight loss or lean mass loss. The control group showed no significant changes in these parameters.
Regarding lipid profiles, HDL cholesterol increased significantly in the TRE group post-intervention (p < 0.05), denoting an improved cardiometabolic marker. However, no significant alterations were observed in total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, or triglycerides for either group.
Hormonal assays revealed notable elevations in catecholamines—epinephrine increased markedly (p < 0.01), and norepinephrine showed significant rises (p < 0.05)—in the TRE group, indicating enhanced sympathetic activation associated with lipolysis. Serum adiponectin, an adipokine known to facilitate fatty acid oxidation and insulin sensitivity, was significantly increased (p < 0.05), while leptin, growth hormone, and IGF-1 levels remained stable.
Interaction analyses confirmed significant group-by-time interactions for fat mass, body fat percentage, and epinephrine levels (all p < 0.05), confirming the intervention’s specific effects. Dietary intake records validated that caloric and macronutrient consumption remained consistent across baseline and study periods in both groups (p > 0.05), supporting that outcomes were attributable to TRE timing rather than altered energy intake.
Expert Commentary
This study provides compelling evidence that 16/8 TRE improves body composition—specifically fat parameters—and beneficially modulates lipolytic hormones without necessitating caloric restriction in female DanceSport athletes. The increases in epinephrine and norepinephrine suggest heightened sympathetic nervous system activity during fasting, which mobilizes stored fat. Elevated adiponectin further supports enhanced lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity. Importantly, maintenance of fat-free mass underscores TRE’s advantage in preserving lean tissue, a critical aspect for athletes requiring muscular strength and aesthetics.
These findings align with emerging research highlighting temporal feeding patterns as a metabolic regulator distinct from caloric content. However, the study’s relatively short duration and small sample size warrant caution. Longer-term and larger-scale studies could strengthen generalizability and assess sustained effects on performance metrics and metabolic health. Additionally, inclusion of objective measures of physical performance and energy expenditure would deepen clinical insights.
From a mechanistic perspective, the fasting window may induce metabolic switching from glucose to fat oxidation, leveraging lipolytic hormone surges, consistent with evolutionary metabolic rhythms. This approach appears particularly relevant for athletes aiming to optimize body fat reduction while preserving lean mass and performance capacities.
Conclusion
In conclusion, a 6-week 16/8 time-restricted eating regimen without calorie restriction favorably alters body composition by reducing fat mass and enhancing lipolytic hormone profiles in female DanceSport dancers. The increase in HDL cholesterol further supports cardiovascular benefit potential. This dietary timing strategy could serve as a practical, non-caloric-restrictive modality for athletes requiring precision in body composition management. Nonetheless, continued research is necessary to evaluate the long-term safety, adherence, and functional outcomes associated with this intervention.
References
Li X, Guo X, Zhou Y, Cao G, Chen M, Mu J. Impact of 16/8 time-restricted eating on body composition and lipolytic hormone regulation in female DanceSport dancers. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2025 Dec;22(1):2513943. doi: 10.1080/15502783.2025.2513943. Epub 2025 Jun 3. PMID: 40462558; PMCID: PMC12138934.
Anton SD, Moehl K, Donahoo WT, et al. Flipping the Metabolic Switch: Understanding and Applying the Health Benefits of Fasting. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2018 Feb;26(2):254-268. doi:10.1002/oby.22065.
Patterson RE, Sears DD. Metabolic Effects of Intermittent Fasting. Annu Rev Nutr. 2017 Aug 21;37:371-393. doi:10.1146/annurev-nutr-071816-064634.
Manoogian EN, Panda S. Circadian rhythms, time-restricted feeding, and healthy aging. Ageing Res Rev. 2017 May;39:59-67. doi:10.1016/j.arr.2016.12.006.
